Chlorhexidine prevents surgical site infection in craniocerebral operations / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of surgical site infection ( SSI ) . Methods Randomized controlled clinical trial method was used in the study. Comparison was made in the rates of SSI between the experiment group using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and the control group. Results The rate of SSI in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group (0.83% vs.5.83%, χ2 =3.23,P =0.035).Differences of hospital stay, total cost, infection in other sites and mortality rate of SSI were not statistically significant between the two groups ( P>0 .05 ) . Conclusion Preoperative head disinfection by chlorhexidine gluconate has remarkable effect in prevention of cerebral surgical site infection.

Study on the functions of potential new genes of Yersinia pestis type three secretion system / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the functional relations between the putative proteins YpCD1.08, YpCD1.09, YpCD1.16 encoded in pCD1 plasmid of Yersinia pestis and its type III secretion system (T3SS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mutants of YpCD1.08, YpCD1.09, YpCD1.16 were constructed using λ-Red recombinant system. The growth curves of the mutant strains cultivated in TMH medium with or without calcium at 26 °C and 37 °C were determined to analyze the low calcium response phenotype. The transcription levels of ΔYpCD1.08, ΔYpCD1.09, ΔYpCD1.16 in Yersinia pestis and the dependence to temperature were determined using real time RT-PCR after cultivation at 26 °C and 37 °C and extraction of RNA. A β-lactamases reporter system was adopted to study the influence of these genes on the translocation of effector YopE of T3SS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When grown in TMH medium without calcium at 26 °C and 37 °C, the growth curve of the YpCD1.08, YpCD1.09, YpCD1.16 mutants were similar to that of the wild-type strain, indicating that the low calcium response of all the mutants were normal. The ratios of YpCD1.08, YpCD1.09, YpCD1.16 gene transcriptional level at 37 °C and 26 °C were 2.3 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.5 and 3.2 ± 0.7, respectively, indicating that these genes were transcribed in Yersinia pestis and their transcription regulations showed a temperature-dependence that was consistent with the well established temperature-dependent expression of Yersinia T3SS genes. The β-lactamases reporter assays demonstrated that ΔYpCD1.08 could translocate much higher level of YopE into HeLa cells, since that the light intensity ratio of 477/520 nm at 140 min was 2.5, whereas it was 1.8 for the wild-type strain, and the values in ΔYpCD1.09 and ΔYpCD1.16 were similar to the wild-type strain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YpCD1.08, YpCD1.09, YpCD1.16 gene are likely to be the new members of T3SS, and the putative protein YpCD1.08 could play some roles in YopE secretion and translocation.</p>

Significance of carbonic anhydrase IX protein expression in molecular subtyping of breast cancers / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX and its significance in molecular subtyping of breast carcinomas. METHODL MaxVision immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression of ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, and CA IX in 117 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinomas.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients' age ranged from 25 to 71 years (mean 49.6 years). All the 117 cases were subclassified into five subtypes, with 66 (56.4%) luminal A, 6(5.1%) luminal B, 10 (8.6%) HER2 positive, 20 (17.1%) basal-like, and 15 (12.8%) unclassified tumors. The expression of CA IX in luminal A and basal-like breast cancers was 13.6% (9/66) and 8/20, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Among the luminal A cancers, the expression of CA IX in tumors > 2 cm (7/27, 25.9%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of tumors ≤ 2 cm (2/39, 5.1%). The expression of CA IX in grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (18/50, 36.0%) was significantly higher than that in grade 1 (2/21, 9.5%) and 2 (7/46, 15.2%) tumors (both P = 0.006). In CA IX-negative of invasive ductal carcinoma, the expression of ER and PR was 61.1% (55/90) and 55.6% (50/90), respectively; whereas in CA IX-positive cancers, the expression of ER and PR was 37.0% (10/27) and 29.6% (8/27), respectively. The expression of hormone receptors in CA IX-negative tumors was significantly higher than that in CA IX-positive tumors (for both ER and PR, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of CA IX correlates not only with molecular subtypes of breast cancer, but also with the grading, hormone receptors and diameter of mammary invasive ductal carcinoma. CA IX is a relative independent marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer.</p>

A nationwide survey of diabetes education, self-management and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Diabetes management could be improved by diabetes education, through influencing attitudes towards diabetes, knowledge and behaviors of patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact of diabetes education on glycemic control, and to assess the attitude, knowledge and self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 50 medical centers across China from April to July of 2010. The patients with type 2 diabetes were eligible for the study. The information of glycemic control and diabetes education was collected. The diabetes attitude scale-3 formulae, a questionnaire of diabetes knowledge and Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities scale were used to assess attitude, knowledge and the self-care of patients, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 5961 eligible respondents (3233 males; mean age (59.50 ± 12.48) years; mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (8.27 ± 2.23)%), most patients (79.8%) considered themselves educated on diabetes. Compared with patients without diabetes education, their educated counterparts showed significant lower value of HbA1c, after controlling for age, gender, body mass index and duration of diabetes (P < 0.01). The patients who received diabetes education also performed significant higher scores on attitude, knowledge and self-care than their uneducated counterparts. Patients with lower income or education level tended to have higher glucose levels, and showed lower percentage of patients received diabetic education.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chinese patients with diabetes education achieved better glycemic control than un-educated patients. Our study indicates effort is required to provide professional education to patients, with emphasis on lower income and lower education level populations.</p>

Cellular fatty acids as chemical markers for differentiation of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Gas chromatography (GC) was used to investigate the cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition of 141 Acinetobacter baumannii and 32 A. calcoaceticus isolates from different locations in China and to find chemical markers to differentiate these two closely related bacteria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Whole cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction for GC analysis, followed by a standardized Microbial Identification System (MIS) analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains contained some major fatty acids, namely, 18:1 ω9c, 16:0, Sum In Feature 3, 12:0, 17:1ω8c, 3-OH-12:0, 17:0, Sum In Feature 2, 2-OH-12:0, and 18:0 compounds. Although most of the total CFAs are similar between A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains, the ratios of two pairs of CFAs, i.e., Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus 16:0/18:1 ω9c and Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus unknown 12.484/18:1 ω9c fatty acids, could differentiate these two closely related bacteria. A. baumannii could be easily classified into two subgroups by plotting some ratios such as Sum In Feature 3/16:0 versus 17:0 and Sum In Feature 3/2-OH-12:0 versus 17:0 fatty acids.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ratios of some CFAs could be used as chemical markers to distinguish A. baumannii from A. calcoaceticus.</p>

Effect of allogenic adipose-derived stem cell transplantation on bone mass in rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of systemic transplantation of allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), the main undifferentiated cells in the supporting-storing system based on the fasciology hypothesis, on the bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphometry in rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rats, and explore a new therapeutic approach for osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty female adult Wistar rats were randomized equally into blank control group (A), model group (B), control treatment group (C) and treatment group (D). In groups B, C, and D, osteoporosis was induced by injection of prednisolone (8 mg/kg) via the tail vein 3 times a week for 12 consecutive weeks. After successful establishment of osteoporosis, allogenic ADSCs (3×10(6)/ml) were transplanted via the tail vein. The BMD at the L3-L5 levels and of the right femurs were detected, and the histomorphometry of the right tibias was analyzed in all the rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After prednisolone injection, the BMD of L3-L5 vertebrae and the right femurs, the percent trabecular area, trabecular thickness and trabecular number of the right tibias were all obviously lowered while the trabecular separation and osteoclast number increased in group B as compared to those in group A (P<0.05). Four weeks after ADSC transplantation, all these indices were significantly improved in group D, showing significant differences from those in group B (P<0.05) and also group C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transplantation of allogenic ADSCs can restore the BMD and bone histomorphometric properties of rats with GIOP, and may serve as a potential treatment for GIOP. These results also provide partial experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis of fasciaology.</p>

Effect of allogenic adipose-derived stem cell grafting on serum biochemical indicators and sporting ability of endurance trained rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of transplantation of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on serum biochemical indicators and sporting ability in highly endurance-trained rats from a fasciological perspective.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ADSCs were cultured in vitro. Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 equal groups, namely the blank control group, overtraining (model) group, transplantation without training group and overtraining plus transplantation group. The rats in the two overtraining groups were subjected to exhaustive swimming for 1 week, and in the two transplantation groups, cultured allogeneic ADSCs (2×10(6)/ml) were injected via the tail vein. The exhaustion time in swimming and the serum levels of BUN, LDH, BLa, and Hb of the rats were recorded after the treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rats in the model group showed significantly increased serum BUN, LDH and BLa levels and decreased Hb level with a extended exhaustion time as compared with those in the blank control group (P<0.01). The BUN, LDH and BLa was significantly lower, Hb level higher and the exhaustion time significantly longer in the overtraining plus transplantation group than those in the model group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ADSCs can effectively prolong the exhaustion time of rats during exhaustive swimming and enhance their sporting ability.</p>

Retinal Function after Laser in Situ Keratomilensis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the retinal function and nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). MethodsLASIK was performed in 15 cases (30 eyes) with myopia after strict preoperative examination. All examinations such as vision, correction vision, diopter, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, ocular axis, topography scan and fundus of eye examination were performed before and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month,3 months and 6 months after operation, as well as electroretinography (ERG), visual evoked potential (VEP), optical coherece tomography at same time. ResultsThere was not significant difference in the intraocular pressure, ERG and VEP 1 day after LASIK. The thickness of RNFL decreased 1 week after LASIK (P<0.05) and recovered 1～6 months later. ConclusionLASIK does not disturb the retinal function and RNFL thickness irreversiblely.

Study on candidate genes of benazepril related cough in Chinese hypertensives / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the associations between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) related cough and ACE I/D and bradykinin beta(2) receptor (BDKRB2) C/T polymorphism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study, nested in a 3-year community-based postmarketing surveillance of benazepril in 1 831 Chinese hypertensives was carried out. Three hundred and fifty-one cases having suffered benazepril related cough were identified and genotyped. Genotyped controls were selected through a stratified sampling design by age, sex and kidney function status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The allele frequencies in cases were I 65.4%, D 34.6% and T 53.0%, C 47.0% and the genotype frequencies were II 42.2%, ID 46.4%, DD 11.4% (ACE) and CC 21.6%, CT 50.9%, TT 27.6% (BDKRB2), respectively. Genotype frequencies were both in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. According to stratified analyses by sex, kidney function status and age, no association was found between BDKRB2 C/T polymorphism and cough. For ACE I/D polymorphism, in men with decompensated kidney function, patients with ID or DD genotype having 4.805 times the risk of those with II genotype in developing cough. In women aged 35 to 49 years with normal or compensated kidney function, the OR of DD genotype was 5.128. No associations were detected in other subgroups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was suggested that kidney function status and some specific characteristics surrogated by age and sex had modified the effect of ACE I/D variant on cough.</p>

The epidemiological survey of prevalence rate of hypertension in the countryside of Zhangwu county, Liaoning province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence state of essential hypertension in the countryside of Zhangwu county, Liaoning province to confirm whether this county is the high prevalence region of essential hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five thousand, two hundred and eight 15-year olds or older were sampled by means of whole population random sampling. Blood pressure was measured and the related risk factors were investigated with the uniform questionnaire. SPSS 10.0 of statistical software was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension was 35.0% at this region, 40.0% in male, 32.0% in female. The prevalence rates of hypertension were increased with the increasing of the age in both males and females. There were significant statistically differences in the prevalence rates of hypertension between the different age groups, different countrysides and different villages. The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension were 43.0% the highest and 29.0% lowest respectively in the countryside, with prevalence rates, were 59.4% highest and 26.9% lowest respectively in the village. In all the patients with hypertension, 72.0% having hypertension II, III.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The countryside of Zhangwu county was a high prevalence region of essential hypertension which was unusual in our country. The reason of this status was still unknown which called for further study.</p>